“ cognitive triad consists of three major cognitive patterns that induce the patient to regard himself, his future, and his experiences in an idiosyncratic manner.”Īccording to Beck’s cognitive triad, someone who is depressed will automatically have a negative view of themselves, their experiences (that is, the things that the world around them causes to happen to them), and their future. In turn, being likelier to endorse negative adjectives is correlated with longer depressive episodes (as reported afterward), demonstrating the cycle of negativity.Īccording to psychiatrist Aaron Beck and colleagues, For example, when asked to decide whether an adjective describes themselves or not, people with depression are more likely than a control group to select negative adjectives (Disner et al., 2017).ĭepressive people also show an attentional bias by being quicker than healthy the control group to endorse negative adjectives and quicker to reject positive adjectives (Disner et al., 2017). This is because people with negative self-referential schemas exhibit attentional biases. Most importantly, a negative self-concept can lead to an unending cycle of negative thoughts. A negative self-referential schema can also lead to more severe symptoms of depression. The basic idea of how our self-concepts and cognitive biases affect our lives has to do with automatic thoughts.įor example, someone with a negative self-referential schema is more likely to take things personally, leading to automatic thoughts like “People are not talking to me because I am an unlikable person,” rather than exploring other possibilities (Disner et al., 2017). Self-concept refers to how people perceive themselves and their past experiences, their abilities, their prospects for the future, and any other aspects of the self.Īaron Beck’s cognitive triad (discussed below) deals with self-concept and the construction of the self. Our Cognitive Bias: Construction of the Self-Concept Finally, in a sample of university students, negative automatic thoughts led to more mental health symptoms and decreased levels of self-esteem (Hicdurmaz et al., 2017). In athletes, negative automatic thoughts can lead to burnout (Chang et al., 2017). They found that in people with both depression and HIV/AIDS, negative automatic thoughts are associated with depressive symptoms, and vice versa (Riley et al., 2017). In a study by Riley et al., their focus was on the relationship between automatic thoughts and depression in a research group of people living with HIV/AIDS. Studies have indicated that there are a variety of consequences of being disposed toward negative automatic thoughts rather than positive automatic thoughts. Before long, researchers decided that positive automatic thoughts were also important to study, and particularly the relationship between both positive and negative automatic thoughts (Ingram & Wisnicki, 1988). Relevant research into automatic thinking began with Aaron Beck’s research into how negative automatic thoughts affect the development of depression (Beck et al., 1979). However, people can indirectly control these thoughts by challenging the beliefs that lead to them. Automatic thoughts can be considered “surface-level, non-volitional, stream-of-consciousness cognitions” that “can appear in the form of descriptions, inferences, or situation-specific evaluations” (Soflau & David, 2017).Īs the name indicates, these automatic thoughts cannot be controlled by people directly, since they are reflexive reactions based on the beliefs people hold about themselves and the world. 5 CBT Worksheets For Challenging Negative Self-Talk and Automatic ThoughtsĪutomatic thinking refers to automatic thoughts that stem from beliefs people hold about themselves and the world (Soflau & David, 2017).Cognitive Restructuring of Core Beliefs and Automatic Thoughts.50+ Examples of Positive and Negative Automatic Thoughts.Our Cognitive Bias: Construction of the Self-Concept.
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